See -ling in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ling"
},
"expansion": "English: -ling",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ling"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-ling",
"3": "-lin"
},
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}
],
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{
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"3": "-ling",
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{
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{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ilingaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"id1": "agentive",
"id2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "-el + -ing",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ling (nominal suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-ling, from Proto-Germanic *-ilingaz; equivalent to -el + -ing.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
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},
"expansion": "-ling",
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],
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"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -el (agentive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -ing (diminutive suffix)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix used in forming personal nouns"
],
"id": "en--ling-enm-suffix-enm:diminutive",
"senseid": [
"enm:diminutive"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "66 34",
"word": "-linge"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 34",
"word": "-lingge"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 34",
"word": "-lyng"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 34",
"word": "-lynge"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 49 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -el (agentive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -ing (diminutive suffix)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix forming diminutives"
],
"id": "en--ling-enm-suffix-UG-Vi9H1",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-linɡ/"
}
],
"word": "-ling"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ling",
"3": "-long"
},
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"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ling, -long (as in headlong)"
}
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},
"expansion": "Old English -ling (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ling (adverbial suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
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],
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"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
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"An adverbial suffix denoting direction, state or position."
],
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"tags": [
"morpheme"
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-linɡ/"
}
],
"word": "-ling"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English diminutive suffixes",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -el (agentive)",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -ing (diminutive suffix)",
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"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
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"descendants": [
{
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},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
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"2": "-ling",
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},
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"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -ling, -lin"
}
],
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},
{
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"id1": "agentive",
"id2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "-el + -ing",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ling (nominal suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-ling, from Proto-Germanic *-ilingaz; equivalent to -el + -ing.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ling",
"name": "head"
}
],
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"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"suffix used in forming personal nouns"
],
"senseid": [
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],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"suffix forming diminutives"
],
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"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-linɡ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-linge"
},
{
"word": "-lingge"
},
{
"word": "-lyng"
},
{
"word": "-lynge"
}
],
"word": "-ling"
}
{
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"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Old English diminutive suffixes",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine suffixes",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ling",
"3": "-long"
},
"expansion": "English: -ling, -long",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ling, -long (as in headlong)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ling",
"id": "adverbial",
"pos": "adverbial suffix"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ling (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -ling (adverbial suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ling",
"name": "head"
}
],
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"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
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"An adverbial suffix denoting direction, state or position."
],
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"tags": [
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-linɡ/"
}
],
"word": "-ling"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ling meaning in Middle English (4.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.